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Although the style of government under Pericles was called a democracy the great Greek historian Thucydides said, “It was in theory, a democracy, but in fact it became the rule of the first Athenian.” (Pericles) The viewpoint of Pericles was expressed best in a funeral oration he gave in 430 BC, of which some excerpts follow.
Contents.Life James Jordan Sr. Was born in, on July 31, 1936. While attending Charity High School, he met Deloris Peoples. The two began dating and remained together for the next three years. Upon graduation, Jordan Sr.
Joined the and was stationed in,. In 1956, he transferred to a base in and married Peoples shortly thereafter. Their first child, son James Ronald 'Ronnie' Jr., was born the following year. Left the Air Force and got a job at a textile mill in Wallace. The Jordans had two more children: daughter Deloris and a son, Larry.In 1963, the Jordans left their children with Jordan Sr.' S mother and moved to so that he could receive mechanic's training on the. He studied airplane hydraulics, while Peoples found work at a bank.
While living in Brooklyn, the Jordans had another child, son. As crime began to increase in Brooklyn in the 1960s, the Jordans moved back to North Carolina to raise their children in a safer environment. Upon completing his 18 months' training, Jordan Sr. And his family moved to. It was there that the couple's fifth child, Roslyn, was born.A lifelong fan, Jordan Sr. Played a large role in inspiring his son Michael to become an athlete and traveled the United States to follow his son's career, first at the and then with the.Nonetheless, Jordan Sr.
Was also a very big fan, having gone semi-pro himself. In his autobiography and in interviews throughout his career, son Michael recounted that it was his father's vision that he become a baseball star. Baseball was, in fact, the first sport Jordan Sr. Had taught him to play. Michael recounted that this was a major factor in his decision to try baseball after his first retirement from the. Death On July 23, 1993, while returning home from a funeral, Jordan Sr.
Pulled over on US Highway 74 just south of, to take a nap. Daniel Andre Green and Larry Martin Demery spotted the car Michael had recently purchased for him (a red with the North Carolina license plate that read 'UNC0023'). Green and Demery shot Jordan to death while he slept in his car, then. His body was found on August 3 in a swamp in.As his body was in a state of extreme decomposition, Jordan Sr. Was not identified until August 13 with the help of provided by the family.After going through Jordan Sr.' S belongings, Green and Demery realized that Jordan Sr.
Was the father of Michael Jordan. They had taken other items from the car, including two rings given to Jordan Sr. Green and Demery made several calls from Jordan Sr.' S and as a result were immediately captured. After their arrest, Demery said that they had planned only to tie up their victim and that Green pulled the trigger for no reason. Both were convicted and sentenced to for this and other violent crimes.
The accusation was based only on Demery's testimony, when Green did not testify. Defense counsel Woodberry Bowen said Demery had everything to gain by lying that Green was the triggerman, and that Green's testimony put Demery closer than he earlier admitted. Court rulings that affected North Carolina such as, 458 U.S.
782 (1982) prohibited application of the death penalty. James Jordan Sr. Was buried at Rockfish AME Church in, on August 15, 1993.In 2010, it was revealed the case was one of nearly 200 that were in review after the found that laboratory technicians mishandled or omitted evidence.
However, the Jordan case was later removed from the list.On July 23, 2018, Christine Mumma, executive director of the Center on Actual Innocence, said evidence showed Green did not commit the murder. Green claimed Demery merely asked him for help disposing of the body. On August 3, Superior Court Judge Winston Gilchrist ruled on several motions and set a December date for a hearing.
On December 5, Mumma asked Gilchrist to allow a closer look at evidence that could lead to a new trial, and Gilchrist said he would rule later. Gilchrist said on March 6, 2019, that he would not grant Green a hearing, and Mumma said she would appeal. References. Retrieved June 4, 2018. NBA Encyclopedia (March 1, 1996).
Lazenby, Roland (May 5, 2014). Retrieved June 4, 2018. Luke (August 3, 2012). Retrieved June 4, 2018. Martin, Andrew (January 4, 1996).
Chicago, Illinois:. Houston Chronicle.
Retrieved August 7, 2012. August 17, 1993. Retrieved May 14, 2014. ^.
Retrieved June 4, 2018. Retrieved June 4, 2018. Welty, Jeff (April 2012). Retrieved June 4, 2018. on.
Retrieved June 4, 2018. Lamb, Amanda (July 23, 2018). Retrieved August 9, 2018.
Kosikowski, Ashlea (August 3, 2018). Retrieved August 9, 2018. December 5, 2018. Retrieved January 10, 2019 – via. Drew, Jonathan (March 8, 2019). Retrieved March 9, 2019 – via.External links at.
The road began with Draco. In the early7 th century BC Athens, and the surrounding area ofAttica, was a community governed not by laws but by tradition. If afamily member was killed (deliberately or accidentally) it was upto the family to seek retribution.
That could take the form ofkilling a member of the offending family or obtaining a suitablefinancial penalty from them. (In fact there were establishedsanctuaries in which families in danger could take refuge while thefinancial details of a settlement were being negotiated.)The poor and the weak were at a disadvantage in this systemagainst powerful households. Eventually this caused considerableunrest. So, by some unknown process, an individual named Draco waschosen as a lawgiver, to put crimes and punishment into a body oflaws that everyone had to obey.
This he did during the39 th Olympiad (between 624-621 BC). For the first timethe Greeks had the rule of law to guide them rather than individualdiscretion or preference.
This had the effect of making the stateand not the family responsible for enforcing the law and theintention was that the law would apply equally to all men, rich orpoor.For the first time a distinction was made between someone killeddeliberately and someone killed accidentally. Previously there hadbeen no distinction made and the penalty was the same. (Even thingscould be punished. There is a story told about a statue falling ontop of someone and killing him. The statue was flogged and castinto the sea as punishment.)Draco's laws may have been fair but they were severe.
Death wasthe punishment for offences that we might consider minor.Generations later a Greek orator lamented that Draco's laws werewritten not in ink but in blood. The laws also did not address amajor problem at the time- people were being put into prison orforced into slavery because of debt. Soon it became evident thatthe laws needed to be reviewed and revised.The man chosen by the people for this task had a reputation forwisdom. Solon was both a politician and poet. Since most of hiswriting has survived it is possible to get an insight into hisphilosophy and thinking. His task was challenging- to addresssocial inequities that by this time had Athens hovering on thebrink of civil war - and to do so without alienating either the richor those crushed by debt.What was urgently needed and what Solon provided was economicreform. He forgave debts secured by either land or personal libertyand he forbade entering into such contracts in the future.
Hesidestepped the issue of land re-distribution while offering poorfarmers the prospect of a brighter future. The laws of Draco wererepealed and replaced with a more humane code of conduct thatcovered civil, criminal and religious matters. This became thefoundation of the Athenian legal system for at least the next threecenturies. New standards were set in place for weights andmeasures, coinage and other economic instruments. Wealth, notbirth, determined eligibility for political office with thosecontributing most to the economy having a greater voice in managingit. Then, after securing a promise from the citizens not to tinkerwith the new system for a decade, Solon left Greece to travelabroad.Although Solon's legal legacy remained in use for some fifteengenerations his political system did not last beyond his lifetime.An economic tug of war broke out among the various factions overthe issue he did not address- the redistribution of land. Finally,a wily nobleman named Peisistratus seized power and formed adictatorship to rule over Athens.
In addition to land reform, healso made other economic improvements, carried out an extensivepublic works building program and was a strong supporter of thearts. Although called a “tyrant”, a better descriptionwould be a benevolent dictator, who earned a reputation during hisreign as a principled, fair and humane ruler.His son Hippias did not do as good a job and was forced fromoffice. A Greek aristocrat named Cleisthenes, who deservesrecognition as the father of Athenian democracy, fought for theconcept of greater citizen involvement in the political life ofAthens.
He recognized that the traditional tribal organization ofthe city had become a divisive rather than a unifying force. A newre-organization split up the tribes and balanced representation.From then on, individuals were not only encouraged to participatein what became known as Athenian democracy; they were required toparticipate.The next great leader of Athens was Pericles who believedstrongly that society functions best when all citizens are free andshare in the running of the state. So, in the space of 150 yearsthe center of power had moved from those of aristocratic birth, tothose with wealth, to the common people.
Although the style ofgovernment under Pericles was called a democracy the great Greekhistorian Thucydides said, “It was in theory, a democracy,but in fact it became the rule of the first Athenian.”(Pericles) The viewpoint of Pericles was expressed best in afuneral oration he gave in 430 BC, of which some excerptsfollow.“Our system of government does not copythe systems of our neighbors: we are a model to them, not them tous. Our constitution is called a democracy, because power rests notin the hands of the few but of the many. Our laws guarantee equaljustice for allas for the election of public officials, wewelcome talent to every arena of achievement nor do we make ourchoices on the grounds of class but on the grounds of excellencealonewe differ from other states in regarding the man whokeeps aloof from public life not as “private” but asuselessgreat indeed are the signs and symbols of ourpowersmen of the future will wonder at us, as all men dotoday”Athenian democracy was quite different from what we wouldconsider to be democratic today. At that time, not everyone wasconsidered a citizen and eligible to vote. Women were not citizensand so could not participate in any fashion. Neither could Greeksfrom other city-states living in Athens, nor foreigners, nor thelarge slave population. In a city of perhaps 300,000 less than40,000 males were citizens and participants in the new democracy.But it was a giant step forward as far as government of, by and forthe people was concerned.One might ask, “Why did democracy develop first inAthens?” Answers vary.
Some have suggested that theinhospitable soil (which Plato compared to a bony skeleton) playeda part. A Greek myth speaks of Zeus apportioning the land of theWorld. First he ran all the soil through a sieve and distributed itto the various nations. Left in the sieve were rocks, pebbles andparched earth.
This he tossed over his shoulder saying“That's for Greece”. In those conditions people had tofight the soil and it toughened their spirit.Others credit the sea as the source of independence, stillothers the isolation of communities and the need to make one'svoice heard whatever the eventual outcome.
As Pericles noted “Instead of looking on discussion as a stumbling block inthe way of action, we think it an essential preliminary to any wiseaction at all. “It was likely a unique combination of circumstances andindividuals that converged to create a system of government builtaround the contributions of the common man.